Tapınağa gelenlerin bir tören
ve eğlence düzenledikleri kesin olarak bilinmektedir.Karşılanılan su ihtiyacı
ise taşınarak çözüldüğü kesindir.Bu taşıma ise buraya gelenlerin yakın bir
yerlerde yerleşik olarak yaşadıklarına işaret etmektedir. Bu yerleşik hayata
dair kanıtsa 2018 yılında suları çekilme noktasına gelen Atatürk Barajında
ratlanılmıştır.Göbeklitepe ile yaşıt olan bu figürlerin o dönemde tapınağa
gelen kişiler olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Bölgede bir tapınma faaliyeti olduğu görülmekte ancak bu
tapınma nasıl bir aktiviteye dönüştü ve hangi dinden bahsettiği
bilinmemektedir.Şuana kadar bilinen tek şeyin insanların tarımla birlikte dine
geçtiği yönündeydi ancak bu görüş göbeklitepe ile son buldu. İnsanlar tapınma
faaliyetleri ile tarıma geçmeye başladıkları görülmektedir.
Greama Barker’ın bahsettiği gibi “Tarım, Mısır, Mezopotamya,
İndus Vadisi, Çin, Amerika ve Afrika'daki medeniyetlerin gelişmesinin ön
koşuluydu." Bu koşul Göbeklitepe’den sonra gelişmeye başlayacaktı.
fotoğraf: vikipedia
Göbeklitepe artık kültürel bir devrimin tarımsal dönemden
önce olduğunu ortaya koymakta.İnsanlar tarihin sıfır noktasında aynı çatı
altında aynı inanca tapınma gerçekleştiriyor ve bu inanç uğruna bu yapıyı
ortaya çıkarmışlardı. Burada yer alan devasa yükseklikteki sütunlar insanın
doğaya artık hakim olduğunu vurguluyordu. İlerleyen yıllarda bu yapıyı kumlarla
kapatıp üstüne yeni yapılar yapacak kadar koruyorlardı. İlerleyen dönemlerde bu
yapının korunmaya ihtiyaç duymaması belkide yerleşik hayata geçen toplumların
yeni tapınaklar yapması,yeni insanların atalarının dinlerine bağlılığın olmaması
gibi sebepler ortaya konulabilmektedir.
fotoğraf : Tarih eğitimi
Speılvogen’nin Mezopotamyalılar şehir devletlerini ilahi bir
model ve düzenin dünyevi kopyaları olarak görüyorlardı sözü tam olarak Göbeklitepe
için söylenmiş olabilirdi.
Son olarak bu kudretli doğaya karşı insan sonunda galip
geldi. Bu tapınak sanatkarlık devriminin doruk noktasıdır.Yapımında kullanılan
materyaller ve devasa boyutta sütunlar bunu açıklamaya yeterlidir.Bu tapınak
bir sosyal bağ ve manevi duygularda ortak bir noktaydı.İnsanlar önceden mağara
duvarlarına çizdikleri ,korkuyla karşılaştıkları hayvanları çizerken şimdi
üstünlüğü sağlamış kendini sütunlara benzeterek kudretini göstermeye
başlamıştı.
Vakit ayırdığınız için teşekkürler.
Kaynaklar:
Belgeseller: DW Türkçe
Belgeseller 2: National Geographic
Ansiklopedi: History of the World Map by Map
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Göbeklitepe, which was named as "Zero Point of History"
according to many, was built 7 thousand years before Stonehenge in England,
7500 years before the pyramids in Egypt and is now the oldest soil in the
world!
photograph: Lale Sümen Aran
Although the works in
Göbeklitepe starts with the discovery of a statue in the region, it still
contains many symbols that remain mysterious. The first structures found in the
1960s have only begun to be studied more comprehensively with current studies.
photograph: arkeofili
On the other hand, a tablet found in the region attracted a lot of attention due to its location. The fact that the tree found in its location is older than Göbeklitepe may be an indication that the people in the temple used this tree in their religious beliefs. It is thought that the tree is used as a wish tree and women wish to have children. photograph: Bizarre Journes
So why were there
more male figures than female figures in Göbeklitepe?
This should not be
limited to Göbeklitepe, it has not yet been seen that any female figure was
dominant in the Neolithic period. We know that Cybele will emerge approximately
3000 years later. Perhaps this female figure can be regarded as a god that
people in the region believed in.
photograph: Evrim Agacı
Until now, 12
columns, rooms, passageways, animal figures have been unearthed and revealed
that this place is a temple. Although it is known that the reliefs on the
columns in the region resemble the aborigines in Australia and the crescent
symbol is used in Sumerians, the symbol H remains a mystery. It is worth noting that this symbol is used
with snakes.
Photograph: Kenan Yelken
We see the 12 columns not only a number also we see in the symbols.
Later civilizations used same number. For example Sumerians believe in the
existence of 12 planets,According to the bible, Jerusalem has 12 gates,12 signs
in astrology,12 gods in Greek mythology and 12 missions that Heracles must
fulfil according to Greek mythology,The fact that the Prophet Jesus had 12
apostles, 12 imams in the Shia sect, Turkish civilizations and China's use of
the Turkish calendar with 12 animals are not enough to reveal the mystery of
this number. The reason why the 12 Columns in Göbeklitepe existing will
continue to protect the mystery.
Photopraph: Bilimoloji
These pillars are known to be human beings. It is known that during the cave periods, animal figures drawn on the walls were dominant, but this time it is seen that people depict their dominance over nature with high stones. No facial expression is encountered in these T-shaped columns. Another claim regarding this is emphasized as belief in life after death.
How was this
conclusion reached?
Not only symbols were found during the excavations. Thousands of bones were found in the area. The bones found mostly belonged to animals. The bones of the eaten parts of the animals concluded that the community here was a hunter-gatherer community. There were no drawings of people's heads in the figures found. This was a phenomenon that we will encounter in the future. This situation tells that the deceased was buried, taking the skull and hiding it in a corner of the house, showing respect for the deceased and a belief that he will resurrect after death. The fact that the same figures were encountered in Göbeklitepe strengthened this opinion.
photograph: T24
If this place was built as a temple, how was the water need to be met here?
It is known for certain that those who came to the temple organized a ceremony and entertainment. It is certain that the water requirement met is solved by moving. This case indicates that those who come here live in close proximity.
Evidence of this settled life was found in the Atatürk Dam, whose waters came to the point of withdrawal in 2018. These figures, who are the same age as Göbeklitepe, are thought to be people who came to the temple at that time.photograph: arkeofili
It is seen that there was a worship activity in the region, but it is not known how this worship turned into an activity and which religion he was talking about. The only thing known until now was that people converted to religion with agriculture, but this view ended with Göbeklitepe. It is seen that people started to convert to agriculture with worship activities.photograph: vikipedia
“Farming was the precondition for the development of ...civilizations in Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, China, the Americas, and Africa.” This condition would begin to develop after Göbeklitepe.
Göbeklitepe reveals that a cultural revolution was before the agricultural period.
People worshipped the same belief under the same roof at the zero points of history and they had revealed this structure for the sake of this belief. The gigantic high pillars here emphasized that human beings now dominate nature.In the following years, they would protect this structure enough to cover it with sand and build new structures on it. The reasons such as the fact that this structure does not need protection in the later periods, perhaps the societies that have started to establish new temples, the new people's ancestors' religion is not devoted to the reasons can be put forward.
photograph: tarih egitimi
Maybe this sentence good example for gobeklıtepe: " The Mesopotamians viewed their city-states as earthly copies of a divine model and order.”
Finally, against this mighty nature man finally prevailed. This temple is the culmination of the craft revolution. The materials used in its construction and the enormous pillars suffice to explain this.While people used to draw the animals they feared on cave walls, now they were showing their power by likening themselves to large pillars.photograph: N. Becker
Thank you for your time.
Resource:
Encyclopedia: History of the World Map by Map
